TOPSHOT-BRAZIL-MINING-ILLEGAL MINING-BOOM

TOPSHOT - Miner Valmir Souza Silva works in an illegal copper mine, in Canaa dos Carajas, Para State, Brazil, on April 19, 2023. Canaa dos Carajas is a small city at the edge of the Brazilian Amazon that has become a boom town in recent years thanks to mining. Canaa is a place of extremes: At one end of the spectrum sits mining giant Vale, which runs one of the world's biggest open-air mines here and has made the city the richest in Brazil in 2020 in GDP per capita. At the other end are an estimated 100 illegal mines where "garimpeiros," illegal miners, make a living digging holes in the earth, living on constant alert in case of a raid. (Photo by Nelson ALMEIDA / AFP) (Photo by NELSON ALMEIDA/AFP via Getty Images)